1960
Korabl 4
USSR
Flyby
Failure
Didn't reach Earth orbit
1960
Korabl 5
USSR
Flyby
Failure
Didn't reach Earth orbit
1962
Korabl 11
USSR
Flyby
Failure
Earth orbit only; spacecraft broke apart
1962
Mars 1
USSR
Flyby
Failure
Radio Failed
1962
Korabl 13
USSR
Flyby
Failure
Earth orbit only; spacecraft broke apart
1964
Mariner 3
US
Flyby
Failure
Shroud failed to jettison
1964
Mariner 4
US
Flyby
Success
Returned 21 images
1964
Zond 2
USSR
Flyby
Failure
Radio failed
1969
Mars 1969A
USSR
Land
Failure
Launch vehicle failure
1969
Mars 1969B
USSR
Land
Failure
Launch vehicle failure
1969
Mariner 6
US
Flyby
Success
Returned 75 images
1969
Mariner 7
US
Flyby
Success
Returned 126 images
1971
Mariner 8
US
Land
Failure
Launch failure
1971
Kosmos 419
USSR
Land
Failure
Achieved Earth orbit only
1971
Mars 2 Orbiter/Lander
USSR
Land
Failure
Orbiter arrived, but sent no useful data; lander destroyed
1971
Mars 3 Orbiter/Lander
USSR
Land
Success/Failure
Orbiter obtained approximately 8 months of data and lander landed safely, but only 20 seconds of data returned
1971
Mariner 9
US
Land
Success
Returned 7,329 images
1973
Mars 4
USSR
Land
Failure
Flew past Mars
1973
Mars 5
USSR
Land
Success
Returned 60 images; only lasted 9 days
1973
Mars 6 Orbiter/Lander
USSR
Land
Success/Failure
Occultation experiment produced data and Lander failure on descent
1973
Mars 7 Lander
USSR
Land
Failure
Missed planet; now in solar orbit.
1975
Viking 1 Orbiter/Lander
US
Land
Success
Orbiter returned over 36,000 images; lander returned first image from the surface of Mars and conducted soil experiments
1975
Viking 2 Orbiter/Lander
US
Land
Success
Returned 16,000 images and extensive atmospheric data and soil experiments
1988
Phobos 1 Orbiter
USSR
Land
Failure
Lost en route to Mars
1988
Phobos 2 Orbiter/Lander
USSR
Land
Failure
Lost near Phobos
1992
Mars Observer
US
Land
Failure
Lost prior to Mars arrival
1996
Mars Global Surveyor
US
Land
Success
Mapped Mars and its topography; studied indications of Mars’ wetter past
1996
Mars 96
Russia
Land
Failure
Launch vehicle failure
1996
Mars Pathfinder
US
Land
Success
Technology experiment lasting 5 times longer than warranty
1998
Nozomi
Japan
Land
Failure
No orbit insertion; fuel problems
1998
Mars Climate Orbiter
US
Land
Failure
Lost on arrival
1999
Mars Polar Lander
US
Land
Failure
Lost on arrival
1999
Deep Space 2 Probes (2)
US
Land
Failure
Lost on arrival (carried on Mars Polar Lander)
2001
Mars Odyssey
US
Land
Success
High resolution images of Mars
2003
Mars Express Orbiter/Beagle 2 Lander
ESA
Land
Success/Failure
Orbiter imaging Mars in detail; lander appears to have landed intact but didn’t communicate with Earth
2003
Mars Exploration Rover - Spirit
US
Land
Success
Operated for over 6 years on Mars, long past design life
2003
Mars Exploration Rover - Opportunity
US
Land
Success
Operated for nearly 15 years, roving a record 28 miles (45 km)
2005
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
US
Land
Success
Studying Mars in detail; has returned over 400 terabits of data (more than all other Mars missions combined)
2007
Phoenix Mars Lander
US
Land
Success
Returned more than 25 gigabits of data from its studies of Mars’ north polar region
2011
Mars Science Laboratory
US
Land
Success
Exploring Mars' habitability
2011
Phobos-Grunt/Yinghuo-1
Russia/China
Land
Failure
Stranded in Earth orbit
2013
Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution
US
Land
Success
Studying the Martian atmosphere
2013
Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM)
India
Land
Success
Develop interplanetary technologies and explore Mars' surface features, mineralogy and atmosphere.
2016
ExoMars Orbiter/Schiaparelli EDL Demo Lander
ESA/Russia
Land
Success/Failure
Orbiter studying Martian atmosphere and EDL demo lander lost on arrival
2018
Mars InSight Lander
US
Land
Success
Measuring “marsquakes” and studying the planet’s interior
2020
Hope Orbiter
UAE
Land
Success
Studying the Martian atmosphere
2020
Tianwen-1 Orbiter/Zhurong Rover
China
Land
Success
Orbiter arrived in Feb. 2021; released lander for successful touchdown and rover deployment in May 2021
2020
Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover
US
Land
Success
Searching for signs of ancient life and collecting samples for future return to Earth